Global PSM Solutions facilitates all types of PHA studies at different stages of the project (green or brown field) including FEED stage, change in scope, plant expansion, etc.
Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)
Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) studies are the foundation for process safety and risk management programs. PHAs help organizations identify the hazardous scenarios within a process that could adversely affect people, property, or the environment.
There are various PHA techniques available, and we helps clients choose the right technique depending on where they are on their project. Some techniques we support include:
- What-If Study
- HAZAN (Hazard Analysis)
- HAZID (Hazard Identification)
- Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP)
- Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA)
When conducting a PHA, a team leader (facilitator) works with a group that understands process safety management. Team leader not only prepares for the study, but he also advises on the selection of team members, the right methodology, the definition of study scope, and oversees the team’s brainstorming of causes and consequences of possible accidents and the formulation of recommendations for appropriate corrective actions.
Hazard scenarios caused by equipment failures, human errors and external events must be considered. Safeguards, facility siting and human factors issues should be identified and their impact on safety identified.
Considering the complexity of today’s processes, the challenges involved in facilitating a PHA study, and the potential liabilities from an incident, our client’s first option for completing PHAs is to seek the assistance of an expert.
Why Doing PHA?
PHA is required by OSHA’s PSM and EPA’s RMP regulations in the US and process safety and risk management regulations around the world. It is also a good engineering practice. Companies that handle or process highly hazardous chemicals have a responsibility to protect employees, the public and the environment from exposure to accidental releases.
PHA also helps protect against process downtime, property damage, product quality issues, and adverse publicity from accidents. The financial cost of catastrophic accidents is exceptionally high and PHAs can be considered an inexpensive form of insurance.
Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP)
HAZOP is a highly-structured hazard identification method which is appropriate for use in both design and operations stages of the facility life cycle. Proactive methodologies such as HAZOPs are essential to identify and prevent or to mitigate the potential risks that can result in operational and financial disruptions.
Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA)
The LOPA methodology analyzes the layers of protection applied to known hazards. It can be conducted alone, but it is usually headed by a HAZOP or other form of PHA. Once a PHA is conducted, LOPA evaluates the independent layers of protection (IPLs) that are recommended to mitigate each hazard. It provides a middle ground between a qualitative process hazard analysis and a quantitative risk analysis.
LOPA methodology aids to assess the hazardous scenario (consequence) in more detail, and after going through all the steps in LOPA procedure, it helps to demonstrate that the current layers of protection (independent safeguards) are adequate, or not (identifying the risk gap).